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Sardari A. Early Human Societies on the Southern Persian Gulf Littoral: Neolithic Period. Archaelogy 2024; 4 (2) : 1
URL: http://archj.richt.ir/article-10-1724-en.html

Based on archaeological research on the southern coasts of the Persian Gulf, it is important to study prehistoric sites and settlements in the Arabian countries of this region to identify their nature, origins, and processes. Prehistoric societies of this region must be interpreted in the framework of the Arabian Peninsula, which facilitated the migration of early human populations from Africa to Asia during the Paleolithic and Early Pleistocene periods based on the “Out of Africa Hypothesis”. In the next millennia, the societies adopted new lifestyles as reflected in various types of artifacts they used, including lithics comparable to the Levant cultures in the Early Holocene (7th Millennium BC) so-called “Neolithic”. The lithic industry of these societies is associated with hunter-gatherer societies, some of which have been a trend toward animal husbandry. The Neolithic period continued through the late fourth millennium BC, contemporaneous with the beginning of the Bronze Age. These societies also used pottery vessels during the sixth and fifth millennia BC, dividing into two types: plain coarse wares and painted fine buff wares. painted black-on-buff ceramic assemblages parallel to the Ubaid phase in southern Mesopotamia, which attests to early exchanges and migrations between these two regions. The paper reviews 24 Neolithic sites on the southern coasts of the Persian Gulf and discusses their transformations during the Holocene period.